Solid oxide fuel cell, also known as ceramic fuel cell, is one of the most promising fuel cell technology, which directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity. However, it requires high temperature for its operation (over 600oC) primarily due to high ohmic losses in the conventional oxide-ion conducting electrolyte. The high operating temperature often causes degradation issues and allow a limited choice of materials for electrolyte and electrodes applications. To overcome these issues, proton conducting ceramic materials are emerging as a potential alternative to oxide-ion conducting materials due to their higher ion mobility. In this work, ceramic fuel cells are investigated using both oxide-ion (Gd0.2Ce0.8O3-d) and proton (BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.1Yb0.1O3-d) conducting materials in both traditional 3-layer and novel 1-layer cell structures. The cells were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing and inkjet printing. The rheological properties of the inks and pastes are characterized in detail with the dynamic light scattering, viscometer, tensiometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the cells are characterized with current-voltage measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, other spectroscopic (XRD, EELS) and microscopic (HR-TEM-EELS, SEM) measurements are conducted to better understand the mechanisms in the cells. Effect of engineering parameters such as porosity, cell thickness and cell composition are systematically studied to optimize the cell performance. Finally, stability of the catalytic materials was investigated to understand their degradation mechanisms.