Digital printing of nanoinks on glass-containing materials and surfaces
KUSNEZOFF M. 1, FRITSCH M. 1, MOSCH S. 1, TROFIMENKO N. 1
1 Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden, Germany
Additive manufacturing requires feedstocks, slurries and printable inks made of different kinds of materials. Especially direct printing technologies allow to functionalize surfaces of 3D parts in post-processing by non-contacting printing. The bonding behavior of printed films depends strongly on the used chemistry for the ink composition. Usually applied polymer binders are not applicable for smooth glass and ceramic surfaces, which operate at elevated temperatures >400 °C. Since inkjet or aerosol-jet restricts the upper particle size to be below 500 nm (to avoid nozzle clogging), we developed composite particle inks based on metals or ceramics mixed with sub-micron sized glass powders. Surfaces of soda lime slide-glass and borosilicate thin-glass show a very smooth surface of 1 to 6 nm mean roughness and have been taken as the most challenging examples for demonstration. In-house developed noble metal inks show proper wetting angles on glass ranging from 30 to 40 °. This is suitable to print layouts like conductor lines, square sized bonding pads or even more complicated layouts for a post-metallization of parts. The glass powders were used as an adhesion additive to formulate platinum-glass composite inks, which get conductive after sintering at 700 °C and adhere well on glass containing substrates. The particle size of glass-powders was reduced to 1 µm, in some cases even to 200 nm, by a high-energy pearl-mill procedure. Printed miniaturized heaters for MOX gas sensors were demonstrated by contactless printing on 20 µm thin crystallized glass membranes made out of low temperature co-fired ceramics.