Since the covid 19 pandemic, there has been a greater interest in cleaning surfaces, especially in closed areas where many people gather, such as workplaces, shopping centers, restaurants, etc. The COVID-19 virus can also be spread if someone touches their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching a surface or object that has the virus on it. Without cleaning and disinfection, the COVID-19 virus can remain on surfaces for hours to days. However, the risk of infection with COVID-19 through contact with contaminated surfaces is low. Despite this, it has been proven that a clean environment, including surfaces, is necessary to minimize disease.
 
The main objective of this work was to obtain new antiseptic substances against bacteria and viruses, particularly against SARS-CoV-2, which are incorporated into commonly used materials used in construction, rehabilitation, furniture, etc., with the purpose of creating safe spaces in those that stop the transmission of the virus. The materials obtained can be used as wall coverings, floors, benches, doors, door handles, interior room furniture, etc., and all the elements that are incorporated in places that require special asepsis, such as in hospitals (mainly operating rooms and ICU rooms), public spaces, The materials to which to add these new antiseptic substances are: ceramic, coatings (varnishes, paints and sol-gel, mainly polyurethane and epoxy) for metal and wood y laminates impregnated with urea-melamine/formaldehyde resin.
Phosphate and silicate glasses have been obtained from the systems P₂O₅-Na₂O-CaO, SiO₂-Al₂O₃-RO-R₂O and SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-RO-R₂O, which incorporate Ag₂O in substitution of Na₂O, so that after being used in mass or in the form of coatings on other materials are capable of giving them bactericidal properties.
 
Although in principle the Ag⁺ ion can occupy the same positions as Na⁺ within a glassy lattice, its solubility in the melt is much lower. Furthermore, the Ag⁺ / Ag⁰ equilibrium shifts to the right at temperatures above 400 ºC, so it is very difficult to stabilize the ion within the lattice, especially in the case of silicate glasses. In fact, this is one of the reasons why it is possible to use this element as a nucleant for the crystallization of crystalline phases from a melt that contains it. To correct this problem, the fusions have been carried out under highly oxidizing conditions.
 
Biocidal substances have been introduced into ceramic surfaces, varnishes and paints, to yield positive antimicrobial results.
 
Acknowledgment
The authors thank the Valencian Innovation Agency (AVI) for the support received through the SINVIR project (Ref. INNEST/2021/19).

References
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