Porous piezoelectric materials have been widely used in hydrophone applications owing to their excellent hydrostatic charge constant (d_h) and voltage constant (g_h). However, owing to the difficulty in sample manufacturing, the evaluation of the overall piezoelectric properties for reliable device design using simulations is challenging. Herein, a two-step simulation was performed to accurately determine the overall properties of the porous PZT. First, the piezoelectric charge constant was calculated by displacement calculations using the electrostrictive effect. Second, using the calculated piezoelectric charge constant and impedance spectrum
obtained from the experiment, the initial value for optimizing the properties was selected, and the overall properties were obtained using the parametric estimation technique. These parametric estimation simulation procedures were performed with the samples of radial and thickness modes based on the IEEE standards. Finally, the piezoelectric properties obtained were compared and verified with the experimental values. Therefore, the overall piezoelectric
properties include mechanical, frequency and dielectric properties according to the porosity were obtained with reliable results.