Investigation of the Anisotropic Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Graphene Added Boron Carbide Ceramic Composites
OZER S. 1, ARSLAN K. 1, AKSOY S. 1, ERYIGIT O. 1, KUBAS K. 1, SAVACI U. 1, TURAN S. 1
1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the most important engineering ceramics. It is widely used in many applications, such as nuclear applications, low-density armours, etc., due to its high hardness, wear resistance and elastic modulus values. Despite its advantages, densification of B4C ceramics via pressureless sintering methods is difficult. Therefore, to achieve high-density B4C ceramics, pressure-assisted sintering methods such as hot pressing and spark plasma sintering (SPS) become routinely applied. However, these methods only allow the production of cylindrical or rectangular geometries. Therefore, machining is required to achieve the final shape. One of the biggest problems for B4C ceramics is the poor machinability into complex geometries due to its extremely high hardness and brittleness. To overcome these disadvantages and improve the machinability of monolithic B4C ceramics, the production of ceramic composites with the addition of secondary phases becomes the best approach. In the literature, it was reported that secondary phases, such as SiC, TiB2, h-BN, etc., were added to the monolithic B4C to improve its mechanical properties. Even though the machinability of B4C was improved with the addition of secondary phases, it is still challenging and expensive via conventional methods where diamond tools are used. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) can be an alternative method for machining ceramics if the workpiece has sufficient electrical conductivity. Even though B4C is a semiconductor and an electrical conductor, its electrical conductivity is insufficient for EDM in its monolithic form. Therefore, its electrical conductivity must be increased to enable the machining of B4C with the EDM method by using secondary phases. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) are the most promising secondary phase particles to improve electrical conductivity due to their extreme electrical conductivity. Improving electrical conductivity via GNP addition has been utilised extensively in different types of ceramics such as Si3N4, SiC, etc. Besides the electrical conductivity improvements, it was also reported that toughness could also be improved via GNP addition due to crack deflection and bridging toughening mechanisms. For these reasons, GNP becomes the most suitable secondary phase addition for B4C to enable machinability via EDM. One important microstructural feature of the GNP addition is the alignment of secondary phase particles due to its high aspect ratio during pressure-assisted densification methods. It was reported that basal planes of GNP inside ceramic composites were aligned perpendicular to the axis of applied pressure. This behaviour causes the formation of ceramic composites' anisotropic properties due to GNP's anisotropic properties. Therefore, this study aims the investigation of anisotropic properties of GNP-added B4C ceramic composites densified via the SPS method. For this purpose, GNP with varying platelet sizes and amounts were mixed with B4C and densified via SPS. Orientation of the GNP was identified with XRD, and microstructural investigations were carried out via SEM. In addition to the microstructural characterisations, the effects of graphene content and platelet sizes on the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of GNP-added B4C ceramic composites will be given and discussed in this presentation.