Tough, strong and damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics with tailored grain boundary
ZHANG F. 1,2, LI M. 1, VAN MEERBEEK B. 2, VLEUGELS . 1
1 KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Heverlee, Belgium; 2 KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
Zirconia ceramics are popularly used for different structural applications from cutting tools to biomedical implants, thanks to their excellent strength and improved toughness with stress-induced transformation toughening. Nevertheless, selecting the right zirconia structural material is often an exercise of compromise. For example, Y-TZP ceramics are strong but less tough than Ce-TZP ceramics and increasing the aging resistance of Y-TZP generally reduces mechanical strength. In this presentation, we will present that grain-boundary engineering by doping tri- or divalent oxides is able to tailor various properties of zirconia ceramics. In our previous work, we have shown that segregating trivalent cations at the zirconia-grain boundaries can effectively improve the aging resistance of Y-TZP ceramics while maintaining their crack propagation resistance and strength. Following the same grain-boundary segregating approach, divalent oxide-doped monolithic Ce-TZP ceramics were developed that combine excellent toughness (>10 MPa·m1/2), biaxial strength (≥1200 MPa) and damage tolerance with high reliability (m≥30), hereby benefiting from the transformation-induced plasticity. Interestingly, unlike the opaque Ce-TZP-based composite materials, grain-boundary engineered monolithic Ce-TZP allows light transmission, which is important for certain applications like dental restorations.