SOL-GEL-DERIVED FORMULATIONS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING OF CARBIDE-BASED MATERIALS
ZANINI A. 1, MOSHKOVITZ M. 2, CARTURAN S. 3,4, CORRADETTI S. 4, COLOMBO P. 1, MAGDASSI S. 2, FRANCHIN G. 1
1 Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Padova, Italy; 2 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Jerusalem, Israel; 3 Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Padova, Italy; 4 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
Additive manufacturing has drawn considerable attention in recent years as a proven and flexible technique for the fabrication of an enormous panel of materials, thus opening up novel pathways for utterly complex architectures over different length scales. However, the development and fabrication of novel materials suffer from the typical limitations of powder-laden inks, including nozzle clogging and geometric constraints in direct ink writing approaches or particle sedimentation, light-scattering effects and viscosity constraints in photopolymerization-based approaches. To address these shortcomings, the sol-gel route offers several advantages, such as the use of liquid precursor molecules, allowing for an intimate mixing of the components, the outstanding compositional homogeneity and the appealing chemical versatility. Moreover, sol-gel-based feedstocks rely on the assembly of the molecular building blocks in the forming framework, providing a tailorable approach for the control over the local arrangement of the structural units and offering new possibilities to synthesize materials with tuneable properties. In the broad context of 3D printing technologies, the advent of photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing coupled with sol-gel chemistry has therefore paved the way for impressive developments to create novel materials, meeting the increasing demand for advanced applications. In this work, an innovative synthesis protocol has been developed for the preparation of sol-gel-based UV-photocurable formulation for the fabrication of titanium carbide/carbon nanocomposites, pointing to potential applications in the field of nuclear physics. Particularly, the development of ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) facilities has led to fundamental advances in the field of nuclear medicine, with particular interest in the production and release of radioisotopes. These requirements can be fulfilled by the appropriate choice of the ISOL target material and the nanocomposite titanium carbide/carbon perfectly meets the demands in terms of thermal and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the presence of a structural porosity is of paramount importance in order to ensure the enhanced release of the radioactive isotopes from the target material. A bottom-up approach has been thus designed to achieve a control over the spatial organization and positioning of the structural units within the forming network, exploring the possibility to synthesize tailor-made components with tuneable textural properties, with particular focus on nanoscale porosity. Indeed, this synthetic strategy takes advantage of the inherent versatility of the sol-gel route and allows for a precise control in terms of specific surface area and morphology of the porous network architecture. The chemical blueprint has been designed to achieve multiscale (micro/meso) porosity, and represents an environmental-friendly process, thanks to the use of sucrose as the carbon source. Hence, the extraordinary flexibility of sol-gel chemistry allows for a large variety of modifications by easily playing with the choice of the network-forming structural motifs, and therefore the 3D-printing-compatible protocol can be potentially extended to the fabrication of different carbide-based materials.