HIGHLY POROUS CERAMIC MEMBRANES BASED ON ZEOLITES FOR WASTEWATER FILTRATION
STIJEPOVIC I. 1, MILANOVIC M. 1
1 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Highly porous ceramic membranes were obtained from cheap natural and 4A type synthetic zeolites with addition of bentonite and kaolinite clays and different pore formers (coal and starch). Starting powders were dry mixed using planetary mill without any grinding balls. Water is added before pressing and the mixture was left for 24 h at room temperature. Appropriate humidity is then controlled by drying at 40 °C to get 20–25 wt.% water content. Shaping is performed by uniaxial pressing at 100 bar for 2 min in order to obtain green samples with diameter of 58 mm and height of approximately 5 mm. Porosity and pore size were controlled by adjusting sintering program and pore former amount and type. Dilatometric analysis was used in order to get optimal sintering schedules. The membranes derived from synthetic zeolite showed significantly higher shrinkage thus enabling lower temperature for consolidation. All membranes had high water absorption capacity after 24 h tests with values above 20%. Mercury porosimetry showed significant porosities above 30% and large pore sizes in the micrometer range. All these properties indicate that the ceramic membranes for wastewater filtration could be made at relatively low temperatures using low cost raw materials and techniques.